![]() Munda, Santali, Kol, Khasia, Garo and Kurukh are interrelated languages. There is a basic similarity between the Garo and Magh languages as both tribes have the same origins. Garo and Chakma languages have slight Chinese tone. Munda, Santali, Khasia, Garo, Oraon and Manipuri languages are very well organised and orderly, testifying to a developed past. In such cases they use Bangla as a lingua franca. There are some other tribes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts similarly placed. But santals and the Oraons cannot speak each other's languages. Garos and Khasias are bilingual, that is to say, capable of speaking both in Bangla and in their own language. There are many tribes who are multilingual. Lullabies in both languages are also very similar. Puzzles in Oraon and Bangla are similar in character as well as in words and rhythms to Bangla ones. The rhymes in Bangla and the tribal languages are similar in subject, rhythm and vocabulary. Their linguistic aspects are similar to those of early Bangla. The ballads in some of the languages of the Himalayan foothills are similar to those of Bangla folk literature. For instance, some Garo folk tales are almost identical to the tales in Maimansingha Gitika. The folk tales of the tribal languages have similarities with those in Bangla. ![]() There are plenty of narrative plays, similar to ], in the Magh, Chakma, Khasia and Garo languages. Except for Chakma and Magh, no other tribal language has a script.Īlmost all tribal languages have rich folk literatures, consisting of poems and songs, fairy tales and legends of their past nomadic life. It has not been possible to introduce Roman script in any tribal language. Educated tribal people use their own languages but write in the bangla script. But due to lack of written structure and dearth of students, no tribal language is part of the curriculum at schools. This is also generally true of other tribal languages. All the phonemes of Bangla are available in the Chakma language. In terms of philology, prosody, folklore, idioms and phonology, the Chakma language is very close to Bangla. Some tribal groups like bagdis and Bindis speak their own languages but these are very close to Bangla. In all, more than 300,000 indigenous people speak Bangla fluently. Some tribal people from other areas like Hadi, Pator, Koch, rajbangshi and bedey also speak Bangla. Many Tipras in the Hill Tracts and Chittagong speak Bangla. Nearly 50,000 people of the tribes of Malo, Mahato, Ganju, Kolkamar and some oraon speak Sadri.ĭespite the existence of these tribal languages, quite a few tribes have forgotten their own languages and now speak only Bangla. About 9,000 people in Bangladesh speak Malpahadi. At one time a large number of Tipra-speaking people used to live in the Lalmai hills of Comilla. In the Hill Tracts about 2,000 Murong and Riyang speak tribal Tipra. In Chittagong and the Hill Tracts the oldest tribes are those who speak Kuki, Tipra and Magh. More than 50,000 people in north Mymensingh and Tangail speak Hajang and some Kachharis speak their own language. The highest number of Santali speaking people live in the northern region. Currently, about 50,000 people in the districts of Habiganj, Maulvi Bazar, Sylhet and Sunamganj speak Manipuri.Ībout 15,000 to 20,000 people in Bangladesh speak Munda. ![]() At one time, it was also spoken at Tejgaon in Dhaka, Durgapur, and Kasba in Comilla. The Manipuri language was first spoken in Srimangal about 250 years ago. The Magh language, which originated in Arakan, is spoken by over 200,000 people in Bangladesh. Over 300,000 people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts speak Chakma. Some Garo-speaking people also live in Rangpur, Sunamganj and in Sripur of Dhaka district. The garos, living in greater Mymensingh and in the hilly Garo region of Meghalaya in India, speak hilly Garo or Achik Kata. A small number of Sinteng and Lalang tribes also live in these areas and they speak their own languages. The Khasias, who live in the hilly and forest areas of Sylhet division, speak Oyar. The highest number of Oraon speaking people live in Rangpur and the lowest number in Sylhet. Over 100,000 people in Rangpur and Sylhet speak Oraon. Other tribal languages are Kachhari, Kuki, Tipra, Malpahadi, Mikir, Shadri and Hajang. The well-known tribal languages are Chakma, Garo, Khasia, Magh, Manipuri, Munda, Oraon, and Santali. With some exceptions, 2-3 million tribal people speak their own languages. Tribal Languages Bangladesh has over forty tribes most of whom live in Rajshahi, Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts, greater Mymensingh, Sylhet, Patuakhali and Barguna.
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